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Structure and content of Financial Statement
Structure and Content of Financial Statements in General
Clearly identify: [IAS 1.46]
* the financial statements
* the reporting enterprise
* whether the statements are for the enterprise or for a group
* the date or period covered
* the presentation currency
* the level of precision (thousands, millions, etc.)
Reporting Period
There is a presumption that financial statements will be prepared at least annually. If the annual reporting period changes and financial statements are prepared for a different period, the enterprise must disclose the reason for the change and a warning about problems of comparability. [IAS 1.49]
Statement of Financial Position
An entity must normally present a classified statement of financial position, separating current and noncurrent assets and liabilities. Only if a presentation based on liquidity provides information that is reliable and more relevant may the current/noncurrent split be omitted. [IAS 1.51] In either case, if an asset (liability) category commingles amounts that will be received (settled) after 12 months with assets (liabilities) that will be received (settled) within 12 months, note disclosure is required that separates the longer-term amounts from the 12-month amounts. [IAS 1.52]
Current assets are cash; cash equivalent; assets held for collection, sale, or consumption within the enterprise's normal operating cycle; or assets held for trading within the next 12 months. All other assets are noncurrent. [IAS 1.57]
Current liabilities are those to be settled within the enterprise's normal operating cycle or due within 12 months, or those held for trading, or those for which the entity does not have an unconditional right to defer payment beyond 12 months. Other liabilities are noncurrent. [IAS 1.60]
Long-term debt expected to be refinanced under an existing loan facility is noncurrent, even if due within 12 months. [IAS 1.64]
If a liability has become payable on demand because an entity has breached an undertaking under a long-term loan agreement on or before the reporting date, the liability is current, even if the lender has agreed, after the reporting date and before the authorisation of the financial statements for issue, not to demand payment as a consequence of the breach. [IAS 1.65] However, the liability is classified as non-current if the lender agreed by the reporting date to provide a period of grace ending at least 12 months after the reporting date, within which the entity can rectify the breach and during which the lender cannot demand immediate repayment. [IA 1.66]
Minimum items on the face of the statement of financial position [IAS 1.68]
* (a) property, plant and equipment;
* (b) investment property;
* (c) intangible assets;
* (d) financial assets (excluding amounts shown under (e), (h) and (i));
* (e) investments accounted for using the equity method;
* (f) biological assets;
* (g) inventories;
* (h) trade and other receivables;
* (i) cash and cash equivalents;
* (j) trade and other payables;
* (k) provisions;
* (l) financial liabilities (excluding amounts shown under (j) and (k));
* (m) liabilities and assets for current tax, as defined in IAS 12;
* (n) deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, as defined in IAS 12;
* (o) minority interest, presented within equity; and
* (p) issued capital and reserves attributable to equity holders of the parent.
Additional line items may be needed to fairly present the entity's financial position. [IAS 1.69]
IAS 1 does not prescribe the format of the balance sheet. Assets can be presented current then noncurrent, or vice versa, and liabilities and equity can be presented current then noncurrent then equity, or vice versa. A net asset presentation (assets minus liabilities) is allowed. The long-term financing approach used in UK and elsewhere – fixed assets + current assets - short term payables = long-term debt plus equity – is also acceptable.
Regarding issued share capital and reserves, the following disclosures are required: [IAS 1.76]
* numbers of shares authorised, issued and fully paid, and issued but not fully paid
* par value
* reconciliation of shares outstanding at the beginning and the end of the period
* description of rights, preferences, and restrictions
* treasury shares, including shares held by subsidiaries and associates
* shares reserved for issuance under options and contracts
* a description of the nature and purpose of each reserve within owners' equity
SOURCE : IAS
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